青梅原汁的生产工艺研究

确定了青梅原汁的生产工艺流程和参数。青梅果应选择成熟度高于九成五以上;预煮条件为90℃,3min;果胶酶解条件为果胶酶A 50mg/kg和B 100mg/kg,在40℃下酶解12h;杀菌条件为121℃处理3s～5s。     

高速逆流色谱法纯化糖厂混合汁浮渣中的黄酮类物质

通过溶剂萃取从糖厂混合汁浮渣中获得黄酮粗品,采用高速逆流色谱对黄酮粗品进行分离纯化,基于正己烷/乙酸乙酯/甲醇/水(体积比1;0.6:0.6:1)溶剂体系的选用,经高效液相色谱法检测,可以从黄酮粗品中制备含量达90.60%的芦丁类似物。     

果肉性质对酸橙汁流变学特性影响研究

研究了果肉含量和果肉粒径对酸橙汁流变学特性的影响.以羧甲基纤维素钠作稳定剂的酸橙果肉果汁属于假塑性流体;随着果肉加入量的增加,流体的非牛顿性越强,表观黏度越大;小粒径的果肉使果汁的表观黏度增大.流变曲线符合幂定律公式τ=η(du/dy)n;表观黏度符合η'=η0(1+2.5F×c/γ+0((c/γ)2)).     

The effects of processing technology on the patulin content of juice during commercial apple juice concentrate production

 The effects of different treatments on the patulin content of apple juice during the production of industrial apple juice concentrate were investigated. Conventional clarification using a rotary vacuum precoat filter was found to be more effective than using ultrafiltration for the removal of patulin from apple juice. The average losses of patulin were 39% and 25% for conventional clarification and filtration, and ultrafiltration, respectively. Washing and handling appeared to be the most critical steps in removing patulin from apples since up to 54% could be removed using high-pressure water spraying. Received: 22 January 1998 / Revised version: 21 April 1998     

姜汁凝乳制作工艺与配方的研究

以牛乳和生姜为主要原料,利用姜汁中的某些成分促使牛乳凝固,制得姜汁凝乳.对冲浆温度进行单因素试验,对制作工艺与配方分别进行了正交试验.试验结果表明,冲浆温度为75℃时凝乳效果最佳,当牛奶杀菌条件为85℃15s、酸度为28°T、冲浆温度为75℃、姜汁量为3.5%、白糖量为8%、氯化钙量为0.1%、CMC-Na量为0.1%时,成品的凝乳效果最好.     

水溶性壳聚糖在果汁澄清中的应用研究

研究水溶性壳聚糖对果汁的澄清作用,测定果汁经壳聚糖澄清后主要成分的变化。结果表明,2%壳聚糖水溶液能提高果汁的透光率,且不影响果汁的营养成分,是一种有效的果汁澄清剂。     

酶膜分离法果汁澄清工艺

运用果胶酶，淀粉酶等澄清剂，结合膜分离技术，分析得出适合沙棘，柠檬汁，梨汁，猕猴桃汁，葡萄汁，梨汁，猕猴桃汁，葡萄汁，山渣汁，枣汁等果汁的澄清工艺。能有效去除果汁饮料中的果胶，蛋白和高级棕榈酸酯絮状物等造成沉淀的物质。     

石榴汁中花色素苷稳定性研究

天然石榴汁中花色素苷在ｐＨ＝３．５时始呈现玫瑰红色，且随ｐＨ的呈色行为符合Ｙ＝０．２１５５Ｘ０．５３５５的规律，最大吸收峰波长为５１５ｎｍ，其稳定性受氧化剂的作用而呈曲线下降趋势，与Ｙ＝０．２８０４ｅ０．５０３４ｘ拟合，受温度的作用而呈直线下降趋势，与表达式Ｙ＝０．２０５１－８．５６×１０－４Ｘ拟合，其中低温（６℃）下的分解速率常数为１．９×１０－３，高温（６３℃）下的分解速率常数为８．０×１０－３，金属离子Ｆｅ３＋、Ｃｕ２＋对石榴汁花色苷有破坏作用，而Ｃａ２＋、Ｍｇ２＋、Ｋ＋以及甜味剂对其无影响。     

Kiwifruit Juice Clarification using a Fungal Proteolytic Enzyme

A commercial fungal proteolytic enzyme from Aspergillus niger was used in kiwifruit juice as a replacement for conventional fining agents to produce a stable clarified juice. Reductions in detectable protein levels of 73% and 82% were achieved using 500 mg/kg of enzyme and incubating at 60°C for 20 and 60 min respectively. Concentrates prepared from proteolytic enzyme-treated juice had reduced browning and haze formation compared to a control, without affecting ascorbic acid level. When stored at 20°C, proteolytic enzyme treated concentrates (60 min) remained clear up to 90 days and had minimal haze (A_{650 nm}= 0.047) and browning (A_{420 nm}= 0.93) after 6 mo storage. The molecular size of the protein as well as protein concentration are important factors in haze formation.     

氨基酸与葡萄酒中氨基甲酸乙酯的关系研究

氨基甲酸乙酯是发酵食品中广泛存在的"2A"类致癌物,可由氨甲酰化合物和乙醇反应生成。葡萄汁中的氨基酸经酿酒酵母的氮代谢后,可生成氨甲酰化合物,进而形成氨基甲酸乙酯。为了研究氨基酸与葡萄酒中氨基甲酸乙酯的关系,本文构建了氨基酸缺失的模拟葡萄汁,比较了他们和正常模拟葡萄汁经主发酵后的氨基甲酸乙酯和尿素含量,并采用N15同位素示踪确认了氨基酸对氨基甲酸乙酯的贡献。结果表明:磷酸氢二铵单独作为氮源发酵不会产生氨基甲酸乙酯,用其替代缺失的氨基酸不会影响正常发酵过程;缺失精氨酸的模拟葡萄汁发酵后,尿素和氨基甲酸乙酯含量明显减少,而缺失其它氨基酸对二者无显著影响。N15同位素示踪证明精氨酸胍基的氮原子参与了氨基甲酸乙酯的合成。本文为发酵食品危害物的前体挖掘提供了新的思路,也为气质联用仪辨识同位素提供了方法借鉴。